Pengertian Dasar dan Simbol Flowchart


Pengenalan Flowchart
Flowchart merupakan gambar atau bagan yang memperlihatkan urutan dan hubungan antar proses beserta instruksinya. Gambaran ini dinyatakan dengan simbol. Dengan demikian setiap simbol menggambarkan proses tertentu. Sedangkan hubungan antar proses digambarkan dengan garis penghubung.
Flowchart ini merupakan langkah awal pembuatan program. Dengan adanya flowchart urutan poses kegiatan menjadi lebih jelas. Jika ada penambahan proses maka dapat dilakukan lebih mudah. Setelah flowchart selesai disusun, selanjutnya pemrogram (programmer) menerjemahkannya ke bentuk program dengan bahsa pemrograman.
Pengenalan Flowchart
Flowchart merupakan gambar atau bagan yang memperlihatkan urutan dan hubungan antar proses beserta instruksinya. Gambaran ini dinyatakan dengan simbol. Dengan demikian setiap simbol menggambarkan proses tertentu. Sedangkan hubungan antar proses digambarkan dengan garis penghubung.
Flowchart ini merupakan langkah awal pembuatan program. Dengan adanya flowchart urutan poses kegiatan menjadi lebih jelas. Jika ada penambahan proses maka dapat dilakukan lebih mudah. Setelah flowchart selesai disusun, selanjutnya pemrogram (programmer) menerjemahkannya ke bentuk program dengan bahsa pemrograman.
Simbol-simbol flowchart
Flowchart disusun dengan simbol-simbol. Simbol ini dipakai sebagai alat bantu menggambarkan proses di dalam program. Simbol-simbol yang dipakai antara lain :
Flow Direction symbol
Yaitu simbol yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan antara simbol yang satu dengan simbol yang lain. Simbol ini disebut juga connecting line.
Terminator Symbol
Yaitu simbol untuk permulaan (start) atau akhir (stop) dari suatu kegiatan
Connector Symbol
Yaitu simbol untuk keluar – masuk atau penyambungan proses dalam lembar / halaman yang sama.
Connector Symbol
Yaitu simbol untuk keluar – masuk atau penyambungan proses pada lembar / halaman yang berbeda.
Processing Symbol
Simbol yang menunjukkan pengolahan yang dilakukan oleh komputer
Simbol Manual Operation
Simbol yang menunjukkan pengolahan yang tidak dilakukan oleh komputer
Simbol Decision
Simbol pemilihan proses berdasarkan kondisi yang ada.
Simbol Input-Output
Simbol yang menyatakan proses input dan output tanpa tergantung dengan jenis peralatannya
Simbol Manual Input
Simbol untuk pemasukan data secara manual on-line keyboard
Simbol Preparation
Simbol untuk mempersiapkan penyimpanan yang akan digunakan sebagai tempat pengolahan di dalam storage.
Simbol Predefine Proses
Simbol untuk pelaksanaan suatu bagian (sub-program)/prosedure
Simbol Display
Simbol yang menyatakan peralatan output yang digunakan yaitu layar, plotter, printer dan sebagainya.
Simbol disk and On-line Storage
Simbol yang menyatakan input yang berasal dari disk atau disimpan ke disk.
Kaidah-kaidah pembuatan Flowchart
Dalam pembuatan flowchart tidak ada rumus atau patokan yang bersifat mutlak. Karena flowchart merupakan gambaran hasil pemikiran dalam menganalisa suatu masalah dengan komputer. Sehingga flowchart yang dihasilkan dapat bervariasi antara satu pemrogram dengan pemrogram lainnya.
Namun secara garis besar, setiap pengolahan selalu terdiri dari tiga bagian utama, yaitu;
  1. Input berupa bahan mentah
  2. Proses pengolahan
  3. Output berupa bahan jadi.
Untuk pengolahan data dengan komputer, dapat dirangkum urutan dasar untuk pemecahan suatu masalah, yaitu;
  • START: berisi instruksi untuk persiapan perlatan yang diperlukan sebelum menangani  pemecahan masalah.
  • READ: berisi instruksi untuk membaca data dari suatu peralatan input.
  • PROCESS: berisi kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan pemecahan persoalan sesuai dengan data yang dibaca.
  • WRITE: berisi instruksi untuk merekam hasil kegiatan ke perlatan output.
  • END: mengakhiri kegiatan pengolahan

Gambar berikut memperlihatkan flowchart dari kegiatan dasar diatas.
Dari gambar flowchart di atas terlihat bahwa suatu flowchart harus terdapat proses persiapan dan proses akhir. Dan yang menjadi topik dalam pembahasan ini adalah tahap proses. Karena kegiatan ini banyak mengandung variasi sesuai dengan kompleksitas masalah yang akan dipecahkan. Walaupun tidak ada kaidah-kaidah yang baku dalam penyusunan flowchart, namun ada beberapa anjuran yaitu:
  • Hindari pengulangan proses yang tidak perlu dan logika yang berbelit sehingga jalannya proses menjadi singkat
  • Penggambaran flowchart yang simetris dengan arah yang jelas.
  • Sebuah flowchart diawali dari satu titik START dan diakhiri dengan END.





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